| Protostar | CTTS | Brown dwarf | White dwarf | Neutron star |
---|
M () | 0.8 | 0.8 | 0.056 | 1 | 1.4 |
|
|
|
| 5,000 km | 10 km |
(cm) | 2.8⋅1011
| 2.8⋅1011
| 1.4⋅1010
| 109
| 2⋅106
|
(cm s−1) | 1.95⋅107
| 1.95⋅107
| 1.6⋅107
| 3.6⋅108
| 9.7⋅109
|
| 1.04 days | 5.6 days | 0.13 days | 89 s | 6.7 ms |
| 1.04 days | 1.04 days | 0.05 days | 17.2 s | 1.3 ms |
(G) | 3.0⋅103
| 103
| 2⋅103
| 106
| 109
|
(G) | 37.5 | 12.5 | 25.0 | 1.2⋅104
| 1.2⋅107
|
(g cm−3) | 3.7⋅10−12
| 4.1⋅10−13
| 1.4⋅10−12
| 1.2⋅10−9
| 1.7⋅10−6
|
(cm−3) | 2.2⋅1012
| 2.4⋅1011
| 8.5⋅1011
| 7⋅1014
| 1018
|
() | 1.8⋅10−7
| 2⋅10−8
| 1.8⋅10−10
| 1.3⋅10−8
| 2⋅10−9
|
(erg s−1) | 2.1⋅1033
| 2.4⋅1032
| 2.5⋅1030
| 5.7⋅1034
| 6⋅1036
|
(erg s−1) | 3.1⋅1037
| 3.4⋅1036
| 1.7⋅1033
| 1.6⋅1035
| 1.2⋅1033
|
(K) | 2,290 | 4,590 | 5,270 | 1.6⋅106
| 1.1⋅109
|
(K) | 2.3⋅106
| 4.6⋅106
| 5.3⋅106
| 8⋅108
| 5.6⋅1011
|
- We choose the mass M, radius , equatorial magnetic field and the period of the star and derive the other reference values. The reference mass is taken to be the mass M of the star. The reference radius is taken to be twice the radius of the star, . The surface magnetic field is different for different types of stars. The reference velocity is . The reference time-scale , and the reference angular velocity . We measure time in units of (which is the Keplerian rotation period at ). In the plots we use the dimensionless time . The reference magnetic field is , where is the dimensionless magnetic moment which has a numerical value of 10 in the simulations discussed here. The reference density is taken to be . The reference pressure is . The reference temperature is , where ℛ is the gas constant. The reference accretion rate is . The reference energy flux is . The reference angular momentum flux is . The poloidal magnetic field of the star (in the absence of external plasma) is an aligned dipole field.